Author Bertil Haggman has published extensively on Soviet espionage in the United States. Below is an unpublished article to remind about the Democratic party techniques to smear Republican presidents. It demonstrates how the Democrats hated President Richard Nixon for his revelation that Alger Hiss, the founder of the United Nations, was a Soviet agent. The memorandum mentioned will hopefully be published later:
In my personal archive I have a memorandum written by Congressman Richard Nixon from the Hoover Institution Archives. It reveals how then United States Congressman Richard Nixon, a lawyer by profession, asked very relevant questions to Alger Hiss in a private meeting. It was important in the investigating against suspected Soviet spy Alger Hiss.
In the election of 1946 Richard Nixon was elected to Congress. As congressman he from 1948 was a Republican member of the House Un-American Activities Committee. His lead in investigating the charges against Soviet agent Alger Hiss turned Nixon into a national figure. Hiss’ guilt was after the Cold War been confirmed.
Re-elected in 1948 Nixon in 1950 was elected senator. During the election campaign Nixon was critical of the Truman administration and also warned of the global communist threat.
Senator Nixon was chosen as General Dwight Eisenhower’s running-mate in 1952. Under Eisenhower he in 1958 made a visit to South America. There he was assaulted by radical elements. His coolness under attack then attracted international attention.
In July 1959 Nixon was sent to represent the United States at the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow. There he engaged the Soviet leader Nikita Krushchev in the so called “kitchen debate” which raised his stature at home.
The 2013 Nixon Year ought to a great extent to be focused on this early, successful career of President Nixon.
Below, as an introduction, to the Nixon memorandum, are a few notes on the American security system against international communism that was dismantled by the Democratic Party.
From 1917 the Soviet Union sought world domination. As a defense against Moscow’s aim to reach that goal the United States had put in place, when World War II ended, a security system both in the United States Congress and via the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The system was, however, under constant attack from forces of the left. The Supreme Court of the United States in several cases confirmed and endorsed the legality and necessity of such a defense. Among the cases can be mentioned
Barsky v. United States, 67 F (2) 241
The prime function of governments in the American concept, is to preserve and protect the rights of the people. The Congress is part of the government thus established for this purpose.
The “existing machinery of government has power to inquire into threats to itself…for the basic reason that, having been established by the people as an instrumentality for the protection of the rights of the people, it has an obligation to its creators to preserve itself…
We think that inquiry into threats to the existing form of government…is a power of Congress under its prime obligations to protect for the people that machinery of which it is a part…It would be sheer folly as a matter of governmental policy to refrain from inquiry into potential threats to its existence or security.”
United States v. Josephson 165 F (2) 82
One need only recall the activities of the so-called fifth column in various countries both before and during the late war (i.e. World War II, note) to realize that the United States should be alert to discover and deal with the seeds of revolution within itself. If there are any doubts on this score of the power and duty of the government and Congress to do so, they may be restored when it is remembered that one of the very purposes of the Constitution itself was to protect the country against danger from within as well as from without.
Friends of US Security and Intelligence React
When the internal security system of the United States was threatened in the 1970s The Security and Intelligence Fund was established by a group of Americans dedicated to freedom. The Fund reacted with dismay. Not only was the internal security system dismantled. It went as far as criminal investigations being launched against dedicated FBI agents, who had used electronic surveillance against terrorist organizations.
Among the sponsors and members of the Fund were:
The Honorable Robert B. Anderson
Admiral G.W. Anderson
Ambassador Shelby Cullom Davis
Ambassador William Kintner
Charles J. Murphy, Fortune Magazine
Senator George L. Murphy
Colonel G.R. Weinbrenner
Ambassador Elbridge Durbrow
Brigadier General Robert C. Richardson III
In 1973 the House held hearings led by Richard Bolling (D-Mo) in the first attempt to dismantle the system, but this time the attack was averted. It was not until during the Carter administration the forces of the left succeeded in bringing down these vital instruments to preserve and protect the republic.
The responsibility for destroying the security system is greatly with the forces of the left in the United States Congress then led by the Church Committee (Senator Frank Church, Democrat, Idaho). The Church Committee came to affect American security and intelligence from then on. Some rebuilding was possible during the Reagan years in the 1980s, but a new period of neglect came in the 1990s. Another threat was the Pike Committee (Rep. Otis Pike, Democrat, New York).
In 1979 Congress passed the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. The result was that both counter-intelligence and intelligence activities were impeded.
When after September 11 FBI and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have been attacked for not doing their job properly it is obvious that to a great extent they have not been allowed by law to carry out their work properly. One example is the problem the FBI has had to get a warrant to wiretap espionage and terrorist suspects.
In one incident in Minnesota a month before the terrorist 9/11 attack in New York and Washington a terrorist suspect had been arrested by the FBI after a flying school reported that he had offered cash for lessons on how to steer a commercial jetliner but not how to take off or land it. The FBI obtained his computer and asked Washington for a warrant to search it and wiretap his phone. The problem was that it did not meet the requirements Justice Department the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, and so the warrant could not be obtained. After September 11th, the FBI got the warrant but now it was too late.
Thanks to the efforts of the Bush administrations these problems are being dealt with, at last, one may say.
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAAC)
This committee was originally established as the Select Committee on Un- American Activities (the Dies Committee, Rep. Martin Dies (D.-Tex.) in 1938 and in 1945 became a standing congressional committee. A further name change came in 1969 when HUAAC was named the Committee on Internal Security. Abolished in 1975 its jurisdiction was transferred to the Judiciary Committee.
HUAAC was to investigate
– the extent, character, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States
– how subversive and un-American propaganda was diffused within the United States from foreign countries or of a domestic origin if directed against the government as guaranteed by the American constitution
– all other questions related to these matters that would aid Congress in any legislation it might want to enact as a remedy.
The work of the Committee targeted both communist, national socialist and racist organizations. Ten years after Western victory in the Cold War and in the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11 HUAAC should be honored for its work. It made a considerable contribution to saving the United States and the West for decades.
Senate Internal Security Subcommittee (SISS)
This committee was organized in 1950 and abolished in 1977.
SISS was to investigate and study
– the administration, operation, and enforcement of the Internal Security Act of 1950 (the McCarran Act) and other laws relating to espionage, sabotage, and the protection of the internal security of the United States
– the extent, nature, and effects of subversive sabotage, and infiltration of persons who are or may be under the domination of the foreign government or organization controlling the world communist movement or any movement seeking to overthrow
– the Government of the United States by force and violence.
SISS was also authorized to subpoena witnesses and require the production of documents.
Subjects investigated during the 1950’s included
– formulation of United States foreign policy in the Far East
– the scope of Soviet activity in the United States
– subversion in the Federal government, especially the State Department and the Defense Department
– immigration
– the United Nations
– the telegraph industry
– the defense industry
– labor unions
– educational organizations
– civil rights
– racial issues
– campus disorders
– drug trafficking
For over 25 years SISS stood in the frontline to keep the United States secure. Like HUAAC its achievements should be recognized.
The Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB)
This Board was established by the Internal Security Act of 1950.
It was to decide cases brought by the U.S. Attorney General against organizations and individuals in the United States, believed to be communist party-affiliated but were not registered as such. It had five members appointed by the President. SACB was terminated in 1973.
Less known SACB should also get a share of recognition along with HUAAC and SISS.
Conclusions
The first pillar of the American internal security system was put in place already in 1938, over 70 years ago. The record shows that it was in place against all enemies of the United States : national socialism, communism, drug-traffickers, racists etc. It confronted all adversaries of America and not, as claimed by the left, only communists and those cooperating with communists.
Still ten years after the end of the Cold War the distorted picture of American security and intelligence is prevalent around the world and not least in the United States. The system was put in place to preserve and protect the freedom and security of all Americans in accordance with the American constitution.
The question is if there is not a need to reevaluate the distorted picture of what was in fact one of the most successful anti-totalitarian security defense systems in the Western world existing until it was dismantled by the left.
It is today important to remind of the Democrats efforts to abolish HUAAC and target the FBI (for more on this campaign see Edward J. Mowery, HUAAC and FBI – Targets for Abolition, 1961), which contains a list of those organizations that were active in the ‘abolition’ drive.
An important book, Alger Hiss, Whittaker Chambers, and the Schism in the American Soul (ed. Patrick A. Swan), ISI, 2003, highlights perhaps the most important trial in American history, the Hiss trial, when exposing liberalism began. (“American liberalism has been reluctant to leave the garden of its illusion, but it can dally no longer: the age of innocence is dead…” (p. 339).
This short report can in no way describe the full importance the above mentioned institutions had in what should be seen as the world civil war, a form of international struggle, ongoing since 1789 against American and Western freedom. The Cold War was just a phase in this struggle but the defenders of liberty have so far been given a rough deal by the majority of historians. Just consider the great record of the security system including the quantity (nearly 7 million copies between 1948 and 1960) of records of hearings, studies, analyses and reports presented by HUAAC and other bodies mentioned above.
HUAAC and the other organizations had millions of supporters: the major veterans’ organizations, most of media, leading churchmen, college heads, military officials and not least the ‘vast silent legion’ of Americans. Not to forget these freedom organizations had strong supporters in the American Congress by later President Richard M. Nixon.
APPENDIX
THE ALGER HISS CASE – 1947 – 1948 – A CHRONOLOGY
Alger Hiss was director of the Office of Political Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. He supervised the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, which helped create the United Nations. Later he served as secretary general of the San Francisco Conference, which drafted the United Nations Charter.
Below is a chronology of events in the Hiss case during 1947-1948.
June 2, 1947
After interrogation by two FBI agents, Hiss signs a statement describing his recollection of various alleged Communists. In his signed statement, Hiss states that he is “not acquainted with an individual by the name of Whittaker Chambers.”
August 3, 1948
Whittaker Chambers testifies before an executive session of the House Un-American Activities Committee. Chambers identifies Hiss as a member of an underground Communist group in the late 1930s.
Chambers says that he tried to convince Hiss to join in his break from the party, but that Hiss “absolutely refused.” In response, Hiss sends a telegram to Chairman Thomas saying “I do not know Mr. Chambers and, so far as I am aware, have never laid eyes on him.”
August 5, 1948
Alger Hiss appears before HUAC. He confidently denies “unqualifiedly” the charges made two days earlier by Chambers. After the hearing, Congressman Richard Nixon is appointed head of a subcommittee that
will privately question Chambers further about Hiss.
August 7, 1948
Nixon’s subcommittee questions Chambers in New York City. Chambers describes in greater detail his contacts with Hiss between 1934 and 1938. Chambers reveals that he stayed in Hiss’s home for as long as a week and was given an old Ford automobile by him in 1936. He also provides details that will later increase suspicion of Hiss, such as a morning when the Hiss’s traveled to Glen Echo to see a prothonotary warbler. At the conclusion of the hearing, Chambers says he is willing to submit to a lie detector test.
August 16, 1948
Hiss again appears before HUAC, meeting in executive session. Hiss testifies that he remembers a man, not named Whittaker Chambers or “Carl” (an underground name Chambers said he used), “who spent time in my house.” He asks the Committee to let him “see Chambers face to face and see if he can possibly be this individual” that he knew as “George Crosley” in the mid-1930s. Hiss testifies that he let Crosley have his old, nearly worthless, Ford when he bought a new automobile. Asked about his hobbies, Hiss falls into a trap when he describes his excitement in observing a prothonotary warbler.
August 17, 1948
At 2:00 A.M., Nixon leaves instructions to arrange a confrontation between Chambers and Hiss that very afternoon. Both Chambers and Hiss are instructed to appear at the Commodore Hotel in New York City. Hiss says Chambers is “probably” the man he knew as Crosley. He asks Chambers to open his mouth, remembering Crosley as having bad teeth. After some time, Hiss says he is “now perfectly prepared to identify this man as George Crosley.” Hiss is questioned aggressively, and the session ends acrimoniously.
August 24, 1948
In a one-man executive session, Nixon questions witnesses about the 1929 Ford Hiss gave to Chambers.
Evidence shows the car was transferred in 1936, not 1935 as Hiss had said.
August 25, 1948
Hiss and Chambers dramatically confront each other in a televised HUAC hearing. Hiss is questioned closely about his apartment lease to Chambers and his gift of a car.
August 27, 1948
The Baltimore News-Post publishes a story reporting that Chambers purchased a Maryland farmhouse in 1937, and that one year earlier Alger and Priscilla Hiss has signed a bill of sale to buy the same property. Nixon’s subcommittee quizzes Chambers about the farm. He describes driving out to look at the property with Hiss in the 1929 Ford. The Committee publishes an “interim report” on their probe. The report describes the testimony of Hiss as “vague and evasive.”
November 5, 1948
In a deposition taken by Hiss’s attorneys, Chambers indicates for the first time that Hiss gave him access to secret State Department documents.
November 14, 1948
Chambers pulls a large envelope out of the dumbwaiter shaft of a relative’s home. The envelope contains typed and handwritten documents (in Hiss’s hand) and developed and undeveloped film. The evidence proves Hiss saw Chambers as late as 1938 and that he engaged in espionage.
November 17, 1948
Chambers surprises Hiss’s attorney in his deposition by turning over to him a bundle of typed State Department documents from January to April, 1938. The documents are later (with one exception) determined to have been typed on a Woodstock typewriter–specifically, Woodstock #N230099 owned by the Hisses.
December 1, 1948
Nixon interviews Chambers concerning the nature of the documents given to him by Hiss. Chambers, accompanied by HUAC investigators, removes cans of undeveloped film allegedly given to him by Hiss from a hollowed-out pumpkin on his Maryland farm.
December 15, 1948
Alger Hiss testifies before a grand jury. In testimony that will later form the basis for the perjury prosecution against him, Hiss says that
1) he never gave any documents to Whittaker Chambers and
2) that he never saw or conversed with Chambers after January 1, 1937.